Orchestration
Agent SDKs and orchestration frameworks
The libraries teams use to build their own agents and multi-agent systems. Each row shows which coordination patterns the official docs cover, whether agents can use MCP tools or talk A2A, and the latest released version.
Reviewed Oct 7, 2026. A tick links to the vendor page that shows the feature. A question mark means the docs do not show it, not that it is impossible.
| Framework | Handoffs | Subagents | Graph or workflow | Group chat | Human in the loop | MCP | A2A | Latest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AG2AG2AI (community) · Python | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | Group chat / crew: supported | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 1.1.22026-10-03 |
| Microsoft Agent FrameworkMicrosoft · Python, C# | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | Group chat / crew: supported | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 1.20.02026-10-02 |
| Agent Development Kit (ADK)Google · Python, TypeScript, Go, Java, Kotlin | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 2.11.02026-10-02 |
| AgnoAgno · Python | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | Group chat / crew: supported | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 3.1.12026-10-02 |
| CrewAIcrewAI, Inc. · Python | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | Group chat / crew: supported | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 1.15.232026-09-28 |
| LangGraphLangChain · Python, TypeScript | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 1.2.142026-10-06 |
| MastraMastra · TypeScript | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 1.74.02026-10-01 |
| Strands AgentsAWS · Python, TypeScript | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 1.58.12026-10-06 |
| BeeAI FrameworkIBM Research (LF AI & Data project) · Python, TypeScript | Handoffs: supported | ?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | A2A: supported | 0.1.852026-09-28 |
| Pydantic AIPydantic · Python | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 2.54.02026-10-03 |
| Agents SDKCloudflare · TypeScript | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 0.26.02026-10-02 |
| AI SDK (Agents)Vercel · TypeScript | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 7.0.1302026-10-07 |
| Haystackdeepset · Python | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 3.3.02026-10-01 |
| LlamaIndex (Workflows / Agents)LlamaIndex · Python, TypeScript | Handoffs: supported | ?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 0.14.252026-09-21 |
| OpenAI Agents SDKOpenAI · Python, TypeScript | Handoffs: supported | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | ?Graph or workflow: not yet verified | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 0.23.12026-10-02 |
| AgentKitInngest · TypeScript | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | ?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 0.13.22025-11-13 |
| CAMELCAMEL-AI.org · Python | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | ?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified | ?Graph or workflow: not yet verified | Group chat / crew: supported | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 0.2.902026-03-22 |
| Claude Agent SDKAnthropic · Python, TypeScript | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | ?Graph or workflow: not yet verified | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 0.2.1642026-10-06 |
| LettaLetta · TypeScript, Python | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | ?Graph or workflow: not yet verified | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 0.8.302026-10-05 |
| smolagentsHugging Face · Python | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | Subagents / agents as tools: supported | ?Graph or workflow: not yet verified | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 1.26.02026-05-29 |
| Temporal (AI agents)Temporal Technologies · Go, Java, Python, TypeScript, .NET, PHP, Ruby | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | ?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified | Graph or workflow: supported | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | Human in the loop: supported | ?MCP: not yet verified | ?A2A: not yet verified | 1.34.02026-09-30 |
| DSPyStanford NLP · Python | ?Handoffs: not yet verified | ?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified | ?Graph or workflow: not yet verified | ?Group chat / crew: not yet verified | ?Human in the loop: not yet verified | MCP: supported | ?A2A: not yet verified | 3.4.02026-09-25 |
The patterns, in one line each
- Handoffs
- One agent passes the conversation to another agent, which takes over.
- Subagents / agents as tools
- A main agent calls other agents like tools and gets their result back, each with its own context.
- Graph or workflow
- You define steps and edges (or a workflow), and the framework runs agents and functions through them.
- Group chat / crew
- Several agents with roles work together on a task, coordinated by a manager or a selection rule.
- Human in the loop
- The run pauses for a person to approve, edit or answer before it continues.
Using a coding agent rather than building one? See subagents, hooks and parallel agents by coding agent and cloud coding agents.
All frameworks
AG2
AG2AI (community) · Python
Community-run multi-agent framework that grew out of AutoGen, now built around agent networks, subagents and A2A.
Microsoft Agent Framework
Hosted optionMicrosoft · Python, C#
Framework for building agents and multi-agent workflows in Python and .NET; the stated successor to both AutoGen and Semantic Kernel.
Agent Development Kit (ADK)
Hosted optionGoogle · Python, TypeScript, Go, Java, Kotlin
Open-source framework for building, evaluating and deploying agents and multi-agent systems, optimized for Gemini but model-agnostic.
Agno
Agno · Python
Python framework for building agents, teams and workflows, served through the AgentOS FastAPI runtime.
CrewAI
Hosted optioncrewAI, Inc. · Python
Python framework for orchestrating role-based agent crews and event-driven Flows.
LangGraph
Hosted optionLangChain · Python, TypeScript
Low-level orchestration framework for building stateful, long-running agents as graphs with persistence and interrupts.
Mastra
Hosted optionMastra · TypeScript
TypeScript framework for building agents, workflows, memory and evals, with a local Studio for testing.
Strands Agents
Hosted optionAWS · Python, TypeScript
Model-driven SDK for building agents in a few lines of code, with multi-agent swarm, graph and agents-as-tools patterns.
BeeAI Framework
IBM Research (LF AI & Data project) · Python, TypeScript
Python and TypeScript framework for production multi-agent systems with rule-constrained RequirementAgent and workflows.
Pydantic AI
Pydantic · Python
Python agent framework built around typed, validated tools and outputs, with a separate graph library for complex control flow.
Agents SDK
Hosted optionCloudflare · TypeScript
TypeScript SDK for stateful agents on Cloudflare Workers and Durable Objects, with scheduling, workflows and MCP.
AI SDK (Agents)
Vercel · TypeScript
TypeScript toolkit for LLM apps whose Agent abstractions add tool loops, subagents, tool approvals and durable workflow agents.
Haystack
deepset · Python
Python framework for composable LLM pipelines and tool-using agents, often used for RAG.
LlamaIndex (Workflows / Agents)
LlamaIndex · Python, TypeScript
Data framework for LLM apps with event-driven Workflows and an AgentWorkflow class for multi-agent handoffs.
OpenAI Agents SDK
OpenAI · Python, TypeScript
Lightweight framework for building multi-agent workflows with agents, tools, handoffs, guardrails and tracing.
AgentKit
Hosted optionInngest · TypeScript
TypeScript library for building agent networks with shared state and code- or LLM-based routers, deployable on Inngest.
CAMEL
CAMEL-AI.org · Python
Python multi-agent framework for role-playing agent societies and Workforce task delegation.
Claude Agent SDK
Anthropic · Python, TypeScript
Library that exposes the Claude Code agent loop, built-in tools and context management for building agents in Python and TypeScript.
Letta
Hosted optionLetta · TypeScript, Python
Platform for stateful agents with persistent memory (formerly MemGPT), with an agent harness, server and SDK.
smolagents
Hugging Face · Python
Minimal Python library for agents that write and execute Python code as their actions.
Temporal (AI agents)
Hosted optionTemporal Technologies · Go, Java, Python, TypeScript, .NET, PHP, Ruby
Durable execution platform whose Workflows and Activities are used to make agent loops reliable, with an AI cookbook of agent patterns.
DSPy
Stanford NLP · Python
Framework for programming language models with declarative modules and optimizers, including ReAct-style tool-using agents.
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