Orchestration

Agent SDKs and orchestration frameworks

The libraries teams use to build their own agents and multi-agent systems. Each row shows which coordination patterns the official docs cover, whether agents can use MCP tools or talk A2A, and the latest released version.

Reviewed Oct 7, 2026. A tick links to the vendor page that shows the feature. A question mark means the docs do not show it, not that it is impossible.

FrameworkHandoffsSubagentsGraph or workflowGroup chatHuman in the loopMCPA2ALatest
AG2AG2AI (community) · PythonHandoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supportedGroup chat / crew: supportedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported1.1.22026-10-03
Microsoft Agent FrameworkMicrosoft · Python, C#Handoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supportedGroup chat / crew: supportedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported1.20.02026-10-02
Agent Development Kit (ADK)Google · Python, TypeScript, Go, Java, KotlinHandoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported2.11.02026-10-02
AgnoAgno · Python?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supportedGroup chat / crew: supportedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported3.1.12026-10-02
CrewAIcrewAI, Inc. · Python?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supportedGroup chat / crew: supportedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported1.15.232026-09-28
LangGraphLangChain · Python, TypeScriptHandoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported1.2.142026-10-06
MastraMastra · TypeScriptHandoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported1.74.02026-10-01
Strands AgentsAWS · Python, TypeScriptHandoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported1.58.12026-10-06
BeeAI FrameworkIBM Research (LF AI & Data project) · Python, TypeScriptHandoffs: supported?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verifiedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supportedA2A: supported0.1.852026-09-28
Pydantic AIPydantic · PythonHandoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified2.54.02026-10-03
Agents SDKCloudflare · TypeScript?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified0.26.02026-10-02
AI SDK (Agents)Vercel · TypeScript?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified7.0.1302026-10-07
Haystackdeepset · Python?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supportedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified3.3.02026-10-01
LlamaIndex (Workflows / Agents)LlamaIndex · Python, TypeScriptHandoffs: supported?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verifiedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified0.14.252026-09-21
OpenAI Agents SDKOpenAI · Python, TypeScriptHandoffs: supportedSubagents / agents as tools: supported?Graph or workflow: not yet verified?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified0.23.12026-10-02
AgentKitInngest · TypeScript?Handoffs: not yet verified?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verifiedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified0.13.22025-11-13
CAMELCAMEL-AI.org · Python?Handoffs: not yet verified?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified?Graph or workflow: not yet verifiedGroup chat / crew: supportedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified0.2.902026-03-22
Claude Agent SDKAnthropic · Python, TypeScript?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supported?Graph or workflow: not yet verified?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified0.2.1642026-10-06
LettaLetta · TypeScript, Python?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supported?Graph or workflow: not yet verified?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified0.8.302026-10-05
smolagentsHugging Face · Python?Handoffs: not yet verifiedSubagents / agents as tools: supported?Graph or workflow: not yet verified?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supportedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified1.26.02026-05-29
Temporal (AI agents)Temporal Technologies · Go, Java, Python, TypeScript, .NET, PHP, Ruby?Handoffs: not yet verified?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verifiedGraph or workflow: supported?Group chat / crew: not yet verifiedHuman in the loop: supported?MCP: not yet verified?A2A: not yet verified1.34.02026-09-30
DSPyStanford NLP · Python?Handoffs: not yet verified?Subagents / agents as tools: not yet verified?Graph or workflow: not yet verified?Group chat / crew: not yet verified?Human in the loop: not yet verifiedMCP: supported?A2A: not yet verified3.4.02026-09-25

The patterns, in one line each

Handoffs
One agent passes the conversation to another agent, which takes over.
Subagents / agents as tools
A main agent calls other agents like tools and gets their result back, each with its own context.
Graph or workflow
You define steps and edges (or a workflow), and the framework runs agents and functions through them.
Group chat / crew
Several agents with roles work together on a task, coordinated by a manager or a selection rule.
Human in the loop
The run pauses for a person to approve, edit or answer before it continues.

Using a coding agent rather than building one? See subagents, hooks and parallel agents by coding agent and cloud coding agents.

All frameworks

AG2

AG2AI (community) · Python

Community-run multi-agent framework that grew out of AutoGen, now built around agent networks, subagents and A2A.

Microsoft Agent Framework

Hosted option

Microsoft · Python, C#

Framework for building agents and multi-agent workflows in Python and .NET; the stated successor to both AutoGen and Semantic Kernel.

Agent Development Kit (ADK)

Hosted option

Google · Python, TypeScript, Go, Java, Kotlin

Open-source framework for building, evaluating and deploying agents and multi-agent systems, optimized for Gemini but model-agnostic.

Agno

Agno · Python

Python framework for building agents, teams and workflows, served through the AgentOS FastAPI runtime.

CrewAI

Hosted option

crewAI, Inc. · Python

Python framework for orchestrating role-based agent crews and event-driven Flows.

LangGraph

Hosted option

LangChain · Python, TypeScript

Low-level orchestration framework for building stateful, long-running agents as graphs with persistence and interrupts.

Mastra

Hosted option

Mastra · TypeScript

TypeScript framework for building agents, workflows, memory and evals, with a local Studio for testing.

Strands Agents

Hosted option

AWS · Python, TypeScript

Model-driven SDK for building agents in a few lines of code, with multi-agent swarm, graph and agents-as-tools patterns.

BeeAI Framework

IBM Research (LF AI & Data project) · Python, TypeScript

Python and TypeScript framework for production multi-agent systems with rule-constrained RequirementAgent and workflows.

Pydantic AI

Pydantic · Python

Python agent framework built around typed, validated tools and outputs, with a separate graph library for complex control flow.

Agents SDK

Hosted option

Cloudflare · TypeScript

TypeScript SDK for stateful agents on Cloudflare Workers and Durable Objects, with scheduling, workflows and MCP.

AI SDK (Agents)

Vercel · TypeScript

TypeScript toolkit for LLM apps whose Agent abstractions add tool loops, subagents, tool approvals and durable workflow agents.

Haystack

deepset · Python

Python framework for composable LLM pipelines and tool-using agents, often used for RAG.

LlamaIndex (Workflows / Agents)

LlamaIndex · Python, TypeScript

Data framework for LLM apps with event-driven Workflows and an AgentWorkflow class for multi-agent handoffs.

OpenAI Agents SDK

OpenAI · Python, TypeScript

Lightweight framework for building multi-agent workflows with agents, tools, handoffs, guardrails and tracing.

AgentKit

Hosted option

Inngest · TypeScript

TypeScript library for building agent networks with shared state and code- or LLM-based routers, deployable on Inngest.

CAMEL

CAMEL-AI.org · Python

Python multi-agent framework for role-playing agent societies and Workforce task delegation.

Claude Agent SDK

Anthropic · Python, TypeScript

Library that exposes the Claude Code agent loop, built-in tools and context management for building agents in Python and TypeScript.

Letta

Hosted option

Letta · TypeScript, Python

Platform for stateful agents with persistent memory (formerly MemGPT), with an agent harness, server and SDK.

smolagents

Hugging Face · Python

Minimal Python library for agents that write and execute Python code as their actions.

Temporal (AI agents)

Hosted option

Temporal Technologies · Go, Java, Python, TypeScript, .NET, PHP, Ruby

Durable execution platform whose Workflows and Activities are used to make agent loops reliable, with an AI cookbook of agent patterns.

DSPy

Stanford NLP · Python

Framework for programming language models with declarative modules and optimizers, including ReAct-style tool-using agents.

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